The conventional narrative of the conquest of Iran, based mainly on accounts drawn from standard Islamic histories such as those of al-Balādhurī, al-Ṭabarī, and so forth, considers this event to have been the result of quick and successful campaigns by Muslim armies. These campaigns, exemplified by the battles of Qādisiyya and Nahāvand, are understood to have caused the near-instantaneous fall of the Sasanians as an imperial and cultural unit. Furthermore, this fall is assumed to be the fall of Iran itself; as a result, it represents no less than a national failure, the beginning of Iran’s subordination to Arabia and/or Islam...
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